SECTION 4 SUMMARY
Guidelines for Summary
i. Candidates are required to study the text given carefully and then summarize
a passage of about 180 words in length.
ii. Candidates are required to
write not more than 60 words, including the ten words given.
iii. Candidates are advised to
spend about 30 minutes on this question.
iv. This question carries 10
marks.
Tips- Before, While and After
Exam
Before Exam (Teacher and
students)
i. Tell the students that summary
is the bonus part-easy to score.
ii. Ask the students to read more
books, keep a vocabulary book or journal.
iii. Teach them Degrees of
Paraphrasing.
iv. Do more exercises.
While Exam (Students)
i. Read for a purpose
-look at the question
-key words, normally in bold
ii. Read the passage
iii. Underline the points
iv. 1st draft
v. Rewrite
vi. Indicate the number of words.
vii. Use grid boxes
After Exam (Teacher)
i. Teacher indicates all errors
but don’t penalize too much on language errors.
ii. Count and indicate the 60th
word with a slash.
4.3 How to Score Better in the
Language Section
i) Use Sentence connectors/ Conjunction:
• First ,Next ,Then , Finally
ii) Rephrasing (RP)
ORIGINAL TEXT
The taxi driver greeted him with
a warm smile.
(RP)
He received a warm reception from
the taxi driver.
iii) Reorganising (RO)
ORIGINAL TEXT
The taxi driver greeted him with
a warm smile.
(RO)
He was welcomed with a warm smile
by the taxi driver.
or
With a warm smile, the taxi
driver welcomed him.
iv) Single-Word Substitution (SW)
ORIGINAL TEXT
The taxi driver greeted him with a warm smile.
(SW)
The taxi driver welcomed me with
a warm smile.
or
The cab driver greeted me with a
warm smile.
Note: If the candidate is too
weak, just do lifting.
v) Lifting (L)
ORIGINAL TEXT
The taxi driver greeted him with a warm smile.
(L)
The taxi driver greeted him with
a warm smile.
(Wholesale copying from the original text. No
attempt to paraphrase the original text)
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