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Wednesday, September 26, 2012

Salt


Uses of Salt
UsesExamples
AgricultureAmmonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4; ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3
ChemicalSodium hypochlorite, NaOCl; tin(II) fluorite, SnF4; silver bromide, AgBr
MedicalPotassium manganate(VII); barium sulphate, BaSO4
FoodSodium benzoate, C6H5COONa; sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3; monosodium glutamate
Solubility of Salt
SaltSolubility in water
Carbonate saltsInsoluble except sodiumcarbonate, potassium carbonate,ammonium carbonate
Sodium, potassium and ammonium saltsSoluble
Nitrate saltsSoluble
Sulphate saltsSoluble except lead(II) sulphate,barium sulphate, calciumsulphate
Chloride saltsSoluble except lead(II) chloride,silver chloride, mercury(I) chloride
Preparation of Salts (Insoluble and Soluble Salts)
Methods and reactions involved in preparation of insoluble salts
  • Must able to determine insoluble salts.
  • Must through precipitation reaction / double decomposition reaction (interchange of two parts of two substances to form two new substances).
Methods and reactions involved in preparation of soluble salts
  • Must able to determine soluble salts.
  • Obtain salt crystal from the saturated salt solution through crystallisation (prepare salt solution –> heat –> cool –> salt crystal form).
Methods and reactions involved in preparation of soluble salts (not salts of Na, K and NH4+)
  • Reaction between acid + metal oxide –> salt(aq) + water
  • Reaction between acid + metal carbonate –> salt(aq) + water + CO2(g)
  • Reaction between acid + reactive metal –> salt(aq) + H2(g)
Methods and reactions involved in preparation of soluble salts (Na, K and NH4+)
  • Reaction between acid + alkali –> salt(aq) + water
  • Must use titration method.
Purification of soluble salts
Impure salt + distilled water –> solution filtered –> filtrate heated –> cool –> crystal obtained.

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